Resangrado y mortalidad posterior a primer sangrado por varices esofagogastricas: Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo

Gisela Romero, Ana Serrano, Marianela Añez, Maribel Lizarzabal

Resumen


El Sangrado por ruptura de varices esofagogástricas ocurre en el 25 al 30% de los pacientes con cirrosis y esta asociado a una alta tasa de morbimortalidad y altos costos hospitalarios. El 70% de los pacientes que sobreviven recurren en un periodo menor de 2 años. El Child Pugh, los signos rojos endoscópicos, la ingesta aguda de alcohol, sangrado activo durante la endoscopia y la edad entre otros son considerados factores de riesgo para resangrado. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y características de los pacientes con resangrado y la mortalidad posterior al primer episodio del sangrado variceal durante el periodo 1998 - 2002. Metodología: se revisaron retrospectivamente 310 historias de pacientes con sangrado variceal y se seleccionaron 71 pacientes con un primer episodio de sangrado por varices esofagogástricas. Se utilizó una base de datos con información relacionadas a los antecedentes, características clínicas mediante el Child Pugh, características del sangrado, hallazgos endoscópicos, endoterapia, medicación recibida, evolución durante el primer año. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 55 - 87 años. En 9 (12.7%) se encontró abuso agudo de alcohol, el 80.3% (n = 57) se presentó con hematemesis, el 73.2% (n = 52) sangrado por varices esofágicas, 57.74% (n = 41) de los pacientes presentó sangrado activo durante la endoscopia y el 73% presentaba signos de color rojo sobre las varices. El 97.71% (n = 69) ingresó con enfermedad hepática crónica descompensada. El 91.54% de los pacientes recibió escleroterápia como medida hemostática inicial y en un 36.61% recibió somatostatina/octreótide en adición a ésta. Se encontró un 18.30% de resangrado y una mortalidad del 2.8% al año posterior al sangrado inicial. Conclusiones: El Child Pugh B y C, abuso agudo de alcohol, sangrado activo durante la endoscopia, presencia de signos rojos sobre las varices y el tamaño constituyen factores de riesgo de resangrado después de un primer episodio de sangrado variceal. La mortalidad general, temprana fue del 2.8%.

Palabras clave


varices esofagogástricas; resangrado; mortalidad.

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Referencias


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61155/gen.v60i2.762

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